With the development of new media, women’s social roles have been significantly reshaped. Through a review and comparative analysis of relevant literature, this study examines the reconstruction of women’s social roles in the new media era, to help women make more effective use of new media tools to articulate the self and enhance social participation. Drawing on two major strands of scholarship, the technology-and-gender perspective and the cultural-sociological perspective, the paper analyzes both the enabling and constraining effects of new media on women’s social roles. The study affirms that new media platforms have, to a certain extent, created opportunities for women to express themselves, participate in public affairs, and pursue higher social status. Nevertheless, because gender bias is deeply shaped by historical structures and enduring stereotypes, the realization of substantive gender equality still requires sustained efforts by governments, society, and the public.